CORONAVIRUS IS TRUELY VIRUS OR BACTERIA- MYSTERY SOLVED !!

    

                         

                         

Coronavirus as the name indicate, is virus in nature but it is truly virus in nature or bacteria ??

This virus bacteria battle will resolve here.

                         

Introduction :

In last days of December, china face large number of cases presented with clinical symptoms of fever, dyspnea, dry cough and bilateral lung filtrates on imaging. Causative agent of this pneumonia was found by Chinese center for disease control and prevention (CCDC) through throat swab samples and name as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-coV-2). Later name was modified by WHO as COVID-19.

    

Their symptoms can be as mild from fever, dry cough and sore throat to severe which are organ failure, pulmonary and severe edema with septic shock which lead to Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Structure of coronavirus :

Coronavirus is envelope virus belong to Coronavirinae family, i.e. part of coronavidae family having single stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA). Its structure is genomically resembles with coronavirus strains that was outbreak in 2003.

Coronavirus have unique machinery for replication and transcription, that work in RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) manner to replicate and transcript, key component of this machinery are nonstructural proteins(nsps) which are formed by the cleavage of ORF1 and ORF1ab viral polyprotein. Within non-structure proteins (nsps), nsp12 have main role in viral replication and transcription along with nsp7 and nsp8 (work as co-factor),

So the primary targets for anti-viral drug should be nsp12 to inhibit further viral replication and transcription cascade.

Procoagulant-anticogulant balance and corona bacteria misconception

Pathophysiology of coronavirus same as other virus and bacteria that’s why it is misunderstood as bacteria.  Alike other bacteria when virus invade in human it causes vascular permeability and multi organ dysfunction and ultimately death  by the release of proinflammatory cytokines ( tumor necrotic factor, interleukin 6 and interleukin 1β)

Due to the overproduction of cytokines, coagulation pathway also activated , clot formed by the action of thrombin through the activation of platelets and also covert fibrin into fibrinogen. PAR-1(proteinase activating receptor) receptor have also major role in augmenting inflammation .

Thrombin which have major role in coagulation pathway activated and clot formed, which is called thrombus. This can be inhibited or reverse by natural physiological negative feedback mechanism which is anti thrombin III, protein C system and  tissue factor pathway inhibitor. But in cytokine storm physiological anticoagulant and coagulation pathway unbalanced due to the less production and more consumption of physiological anticoagulation and that can ultimately lead to mutiorgan dusfunction, secordanry to disseminated intravascular coagulation by forming microthrombosis.

Evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation found in non-survivors COVID-19 patient with high d-dimers concentration.

Conculsion :

 

This pandemic virus is envelope virus that replicate and transcript through RNA-dependent RNA  polymerase manner that’s why it spread everyday among thousand of peoples. We donot stuck only on its spreadibility nature because due to the production of cytokine storm and defection in physiological anticoagulant – coagulation pathway it lead to death by DIC .

DIC not only cause by bacteria but it also caused by virus by the activation of thrombus and if its not controlled or balanced by natural physiological pathway and through injectable anticoagulants  i.e LMWH (low moleucular weight heparin) it will worsen the condition as seen in non-survivors corona virus affected patient it block the vessels through thrombus formatuion and lead to multiorgan dtsfunction and death.

Targeting prophalylactic anticoagulation therapy will be attractive for controlling the lethal effects like microthrombus and organ dysfunction which ultimately give positive outcomes.